A global satellite view of the seasonal distribution of mineral dust and its correlation with atmospheric circulation     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2014

Aerosols make a considerable contribution to the climate system through their radiative and cloud condensation nuclei effects, which underlines the need for understanding the origin of aerosols and their transport pathways. Seasonal distribution of mineral dust around the globe and its correlation with atmospheric circulation is investigated using satellite data, and meteorological data from ECMWF. The most important sources of dust are located in North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia with an observed summer maximum, and East Asia with a spring peak. Maximum dust activity over North Africa and the Middle East in summer is attributed to dry convection associated with the summertime low-pressure system, while unstable weather and dry conditions are responsible for the spring peak in dust emission in East Asia. Intercontinental transport of mineral dust by atmospheric circulation has been observed, including trans-Atlantic transport of North African dust, trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust, and transport of dust from the Middle East across the Indian Ocean. The extent of African dust over the Atlantic Ocean and its latitudinal variation with season is related to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, including seasonal changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and variation of wind patterns. North African aerosols extend over longer distances across the North Atlantic in summer because of greater dust emission, an intensified easterly low level jet (LLJ) and strengthening of the Azores-Bermuda anticyclonic circulation. Transport of East Asian aerosol is facilitated by the existence of a LLJ that extends from East Asia to the west coast of North America.  相似文献   

���ҹ��������ǵ���ϵͳ���Ƿ�Χ����չ����������̽��   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘根友  郝晓光  陈晓峰  孙保琪  彭碧波  周旭华  柳林涛  胡小刚 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(5):115-118

????????????????????????????????Χ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4??IGSO????????????????????????Χ???γ55??????????γ75??  相似文献   

东亚-太平洋地区环流场和热力场由冬向夏转换的过程特征及其可能机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

池艳珍  刘丹妮  何金海  祁莉 《高原气象》2013,32(4)

利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和青藏高原逐日视热源资料,分析了东亚 太平洋地区对流层热力场和环流场的季节特征.结果表明,东亚-太平洋热力场上呈现出冬、夏半年反向的特征,冬半年热力格局为“西冷东暖”,夏半年则转为“西暖东冷”,冬半年向夏半年的过渡发生在3月底4月初,相应地,我国东部上空视热源也从冷却转为加热.热力场季节转换的同时,对流层各层环流形势也发生了调整:低层大陆冷高压减弱、东移,太平洋副热带高压显著西伸,形成东亚-西太平洋35°N以南一致的南风区;中层西风带发生了长波调整,由冬季“三槽型”向夏季“四槽型”过渡,西风急流减弱、北移;高层反气旋中心史替,我国上空偏南风由偏北风替代.环流的演变自低层向高层推进,下垫面感热加热的季节变化引起了低层环流的调整以及上升运动的发展,与上升运动相伴的凝结潜热释放则增强了东亚上空的热源,进一步加强了“西暖东冷”的热力格局,从而推进中高层环流的演变.环流调整的时间与东亚副热带季风雨带建立的时间一致,因此,由热力场季节变化引起的对流层环流形势的调整可看成是东亚副热带夏季风环流型的建立过程.  相似文献   

Intensified Eastward and Northward Propagation of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Equatorial Indian Ocean in a Global Warming Scenario     

YANG Jing  BAO Qing  WANG Xiaocong 《大气科学进展》2013,30(1):167-174

Northward propagation in summer and eastward propagation in winter are two distinguished features of tropical intraseasonal oscillation(TISO) over the equatorial Indian Ocean.According to numerical modeling results,under a global warming scenario,both propagations were intensified.The enhanced northward propagation in summer can be attributed to the enhanced atmosphere-ocean interaction and the strengthened mean southerly wind;and the intensified eastward propagation in winter is associated with the enhanced convection-wind coupling process and the strengthened equatorial Kevin wave.Future changes of TISO propagations need to be explored in more climate models.  相似文献   

接地电阻随季节及天气过程变化规律分析     

王孝波  曾昌军  邓春林  但建茹  王建国 《气象科学》2013,33(6):648-652

为了解框架结构建筑物基础接地电阻的季节变化特征及天气过程对其变化的影响,分析了2010年广州从化气象局框架建筑物基础接地电阻和相关气象要素的自动气象站观测资料。从季节变化特征来看,框架结构接地电阻相对较为稳定,月平均值2月最大为0.78 Ω,9月份最小为0.57 Ω,全年变化最大值约为0.21 Ω。统计季节变化曲线和暴雨过程发现,接地体电阻与1.5 m土壤温度和1.0 m土壤含水量呈现明显的负相关,接地电阻减小值与暴雨的强度无明显的相关性。文中还对较长时间无降水的干旱过程进行了分析,结果表明：干旱时框架结构接地电阻值有明显的上升趋势,尤其在夏季,干旱对接地电阻影响较大。  相似文献   

Dynamics of seasonal recharge beneath a semiarid vegetation on the gnangara mound,Western Australia     

M. L. Sharma  M. Bari  J. Byrne 《水文研究》1991,5(4):383-398

To estimate seasonal changes in recharge to the underlying sandy aquifer, the soil water dynamics of the unsaturated zone was monitored down to a depth of 20 m over a period of three years (1985 to 1987). The measurements were made by a neutron probe at eight locations beneath a native vegetation in a semiarid region, Western Australia, receiving precipitation of 775 mm yr^?1. A relatively simple method, based on the analyses of sequentially measured soil water profiles involving utilization of zero flux plane in the unsaturated zone, is presented and used to compute seasonal recharge rates. Drainage fluxes (recharge rates) below two specified depths were estimated. These were: R₁ (water flux at a depth of 10 m, just below the maximum rooting depth) and R₂ (water flux at a depth of 18 m, just above the water table). These two estimates were significantly different both on a seasonal and annual basis, but their cumulative values for the three year period were very similar. While the annual precipitation varied from 525 to 850 mm yr^?1, the corresponding spatially averaged R₁ varied from 34 to 149 mm yr^?1, and R₂ varied from 65 to 80 mm yr^?1. A significant difference in recharge between the upslope and downslope positions on a hillslope was ascribed to differences in vegetation density of the understorey and differences in hydraulic properties of subsoils. For the three year period, the average R₁ and R₂ were 13 per cent and 10 per cent of the precipitation respectively. These values compare favourably with a long-term estimate based on an environmental tracer technique.  相似文献   

Dynamics of co-ignimbrite plumes generated from pyroclastic flows of Mount St. Helens (7 August 1980)     

Eliza S. Calder  R. Stephen J. Sparks  Andrew W. Woods 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1997,58(6):432-440

 Four co-ignimbrite plumes were generated along the flow path of the pyroclastic flow of 7 August 1980 at Mount St. Helens. Three of the plumes were generated in discrete pulses which can be linked to changes in slope along the channel. One plume was generated at the mouth of the channel where the flow decelerated markedly as it moved onto the lower slopes of the pumice plain. Plume generation here may be triggered by enhanced mixing due to a hydraulic jump associated with an abrupt slope change. Measurements of plume ascent velocity and width show that the co-ignimbrite plumes increased in velocity with height. The plumes have initial velocities of 1–2 m/s. Two of the plumes reached a velocity maximum (4.6 and 8.8 m/s, respectively, at heights of 270 and 315 m above the flow) and thereafter decelerated. The other plumes reached velocities of 6.2 and 13 m/s. The four plumes become systematically less energetic downstream as measured by their ascent rates, which can be interpreted as a consequence of decreasing interaction of the pyroclastic flow front with the atmosphere. Theoretical models of both co-ignimbrite plumes and discrete co-ignimbrite clouds assume that there is no initial momentum, and both are able to predict the observed acceleration stage. The rising plumes mix with and heat air and sediment out particles causing their buoyancy to increase. Theoretical models agree well with observations and suggest that the initial motion of the ascending material is best described as a discrete thermal cloud which expands as it entrains air, whereas the subsequent motion of the head may become influenced by material supplied from the following plume. The models agree well with observations for an initial temperature of the ash and air mixture in the range of 500–600 K, which is in turn consistent with the measured initial ash temperature of around 920 K. Ash masses of 3.4×10⁵ to 1.8×10⁶ kg are estimated. Received: 11 January 1996 / Accepted: 7 October 1996  相似文献   

北京地区大气主要温室气体的季节变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘强  王跃思  王明星 《地球科学进展》2004,19(5):817-823

摘　要：报道了北京主要温室气体浓度最新变化情况,采用1993—2002年北京主要温室气体周平均浓度的数据,用时间序列分解的方法对其季节变化进行了分析研究,并对造成北京主要温室气体季节变化的原因进行了初步探讨。分析发现北京大气CH4的季节变化范围在－49．2×10－ 9～ 55．7×10－ 9（V／V）之间,并呈现出双峰模态;北京大气CO2浓度的季节变化范围在－26．4×10－ 6～ 34．0×10－ 6（V／V）之间;北京大气 N 2 O浓度变化没有明显的季节变化特点。  相似文献   

GNSS精密单点定位中的实时质量控制   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张小红  郭斐  李盼  左翔 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(8):940-944,1013

提出了一套适用于GNSS精密单点定位(PPP)的实时质量控制方法,重点研究了钟跳探测与修复、周跳探测与标记、抗差估计方法,并在现有质量控制方法的基础上进行了改进。对比分析了不同质量控制方案对PPP的影响,结果表明,钟跳不利于周跳探测,严重影响非差PPP的精度和效率,必须对其进行探测与修复;联合MW、GF组合可以探测出绝大多数周跳,且较使用单一方法更为准确、可靠;采用改进的抗差估计有效抑制了残余粗差对精密定位的影响,显著提高了PPP的精度和可靠性。  相似文献   

The tropical intraseasonal oscillation in SAMIL coupled and uncoupled general circulation models   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨静  包庆  王晓聪  周天军 《大气科学进展》2012,29(3):529-543

Simulations of tropical intraseasonal oscillation(TISO) in SAMIL,the Spectral Atmospheric Model from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP) State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) coupled and uncoupled general circulation models were comprehensively evaluated in this study.Compared to the uncoupled model,the atmosphere-ocean coupled model improved the TISO simulation in the following aspects:(1) the spectral intensity for the 30-80-day peak eastward periods was more realistic;(2) the eastward propagation signals over western Pacific were stronger;and(3) the variance distribution and stronger signals of Kelvin waves and mixed Rossby gravity waves were more realistic.Better performance in the coupled run was assumed to be associated with a better mean state and a more realistic relationship between precipitation and SST.In both the coupled and uncoupled runs,the unrealistic simulation of the eastward propagation over the equatorial Indian Ocean might have been associated with the biases of the precipitation mean state over the Indian Ocean,and the unrealistic split of maximum TISO precipitation variance over the Pacific might have corresponded to the exaggeration of the double Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) structure in precipitation mean state.However,whether a better mean state leads to better TISO activity remains questionable.Notably,the northward propagation over the Indian Ocean during summer was not improved in the mean lead-lag correlation analysis,but case studies have shown some strong cases to yield remarkably realistic northward propagation in coupled runs.  相似文献